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Common wire specifications for household and industrial use are primarily categorized by nominal cross-sectional area (square millimeters, mm²), number of cores + core type, and insulation/sheath material. The nominal cross-sectional area is the core basis for selection, while the number of cores and material are chosen according to the application.

The core components of an electrical wire consist of two basic parts: the conductor and the insulation layer. For cables/sheathed wires requiring higher protection, a sheath layer is added. Some wires for special applications may also include additional structures such as a shielding layer, filler layer, and armor layer.